- 3'6 To Cm
- Game 3.6
- Photostack 3 6 3 Equals
- Photostack 3 6 3 Download
- Photostack 3 6 3 8
- Game Sieu Cap Truyen Tranh 3.6
Snippety 1 7 100. Blur Brush upgraded: Editor Tools Effect Brush Blur (Version 3.6.5) More Crop-Ratios added: A,B,C Series, Letter, Legal Ratio etc. Critical Filter bugs fixed: We fixed strange triangular graphical bugs in the filters of Sharpen, Blur and Bloom. (Version 3.6.5) Fixed minor bugs. Apr 05, 2017 PhotoStack 3.6.3 – Instagram desktop client. PhotoStack (was Instastack) is an Instagram desktop client. It’s the most elegant way to browse. Because live insects move, 100 shots are necessary, making it particularly difficult. When shooting a small insect of about 1 to 2 cm in length, focus step can be set to 2 or 3 if the insect isn't moving, and about 50 to 70 shots produce good results. An aperture setting of f/5.6 or f/8 is perfect.
OM-D E-M1 Ver. 4.0
Utilising Focus Stacking and Focus Bracketing in Insect Photography
with professional photographer, Kazuo Unno
Portrait basics entail shooting at the widest aperture value on a bright lens, while keeping the subject clear and sharp, and nicely defocusing the background. However, when shooting very small subjects such as insects, macro shooting is used and the depth of field becomes extremely shallow. For example, when using a 60mm macro lens and shooting at the closest focusing distance, focusing is only accurate within a range of 0.5 mm. You then stop down the aperture, but even doing so does not let you capture a photo that is in focus to the edges. Capturing a subject about 1cm in length from head to tail in perfect focus is a feat that all insect photographers wish to accomplish.
The forerunners in photography tried a number of different things, and came up with the most popular method: focus stacking. Focus stacking is a method where multiple photos are captured at slightly different focal positions, and then only the areas in focus are merged to form a single image. Because the smaller the subject the narrower the range of focus becomes, some subjects require a great amount of time and hundreds of photos. This method is very taxing, and not effective for living subjects such as insects.
By keeping the aperture set to f/8 or above I was able to obtain greater depth of field and challenge myself to capture a composite focus shot of a living insect with just a few shots. The Stylus TG-3 and TG-4 Tough cameras come equipped with a Focus Stacking Mode which automatically composites shots taken at different focal positions. This feature made these cameras indispensable tools for me, but I also wanted the even better image quality provided by a 60mm macro lens.
What I ended up doing is use the TG-3 and TG-4 to shoot focus stacking images of small insects, and a 60mm macro lens to capture multiple images of large insects which I would later composite into a single photo. So many times I wondered how convenient it would be to have a camera capable of focus compositing that I could attach a 60mm macro lens to. I mean, it takes a minimum of 3 minutes to capture 100 focus shifted photos of a praying mantis. Because the mantis won't stay still for that long, it forces you to reduce the number of shots.
But now the OM-D E-M1 Ver. 4.0 Firmware Upgrade, with focus stacking and focus bracketing, has been released. I had the pleasure of testing the new firmware for about a month.Once I started using the new firmware, shooting was so much fun that I couldn't concentrate on my work for a month.
From the menu, turn Bracketing on, select Focus Bracketing Mode, and set the number of shots and focus steps. Focus steps are available from 1 to 10, and up to 999 shots can be set, which is quite impressive. A focus step refers to the amount of focus movement where 1 is the smallest setting. When shooting at the widest aperture value, I would recommend using focus step 1 or 2.
First I tried shooting a static specimen. I used focus bracketing to capture the face of a Malagasy jewel beetle at the studio. Shooting time was significantly reduced when compared with my traditional method. This is a very convenient function when you have to shoot a large number of specimen photos. However, unlike focus stacking, focus bracketing does not automatically composite images on the camera, so you need to use third-party software to do so.
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Standard Settings
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6
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Focus Bracketing
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6, Focus step 1, 150 shots
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6, Focus step 1, 150 shots
M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro
When using focus bracketing, the subject size and camera angle determines what settings will get good results. Although this is not always the case, when shooting near actual magnification with the focus step set to 1, it will take over 100 shots with a 60mm macro lens shooting at the widest aperture to capture a fully in-focus shot of an insect about 1 cm in length. Next, I tried shooting a live insect against a white background. Because live insects move, 100 shots are necessary, making it particularly difficult. When shooting a small insect of about 1 to 2 cm in length, focus step can be set to 2 or 3 if the insect isn't moving, and about 50 to 70 shots produce good results. An aperture setting of f/5.6 or f/8 is perfect.
3'6 To Cm
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Standard Settings
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
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Focus Bracketing
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6, Focus step 2, 70 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6, Focus step 2, 70 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
Next, I attempted focus stacking shooting outdoors. I decided to capture a dragonfly, first. I tried the OM-D E-M1 Ver. 4.0's Focus Stacking Mode that automatically composites multiple images of different focus points. Dragonflies sitting on stones actually don't move much, so they make good subjects. I shot this with a 40-150mm f/2.8 zoom lens. A focus step setting of 3 seems to be good. Keeping the background defocused, the dragonfly stands out in the photo.
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Standard Settings
Focal length: 420mm (35mm equivalent), f/6.3
Focal length: 420mm (35mm equivalent), f/6.3
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Focus Stacking
Focal length: 420mm (35mm equivalent), f/6.3, Focus step 3
Focal length: 420mm (35mm equivalent), f/6.3, Focus step 3
M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 40-150MM F2.8 PRO Eyetv 3 6 9 build 7521 download free.
M.ZUIKO DIGITAL 1.4x Teleconverter MC-14
I again changed to Focus Bracketing Mode, and used a macro lens and tripod to shoot a tree frog and a silver-studded blue in the thicket. Because you won't capture a good shot if the insect moves or the wind blows, a focus step setting of 4 is probably best. It is best to stop down the aperture as much as possible and capture less shots. An antlion larva, which often lives on a mossy rock, has amazing persistence, waiting patiently, without moving, for a chance to catch a meal. It is amazing how it actually covers its own back with moss to be completely camouflaged. Because this insect barely moves, focus bracketing is the right choice. When zooming in close on a larval insect smaller than 1 cm, because the surface of the rock is rough, you must use focus compositing to capture a shot that is completely in focus. With the camera stabilised on a tripod, and the aperture set to f/5.6, I took 50 shots each at focus steps 1 and 2. Although 50 shots were not enough on focus step 1, 50 shots on step 2 proved sufficient for a beautiful composite photo.
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Focus Bracketing
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/8, Focus step 3, 14 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/8, Focus step 3, 14 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
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Focus Bracketing
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/8, Focus step 4, 18 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/8, Focus step 4, 18 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
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Focus Bracketing
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/4, Focus step 1, 60 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/4, Focus step 1, 60 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
Focus stacking and focus bracketing are also useful for photos of plants. Shooting water droplets on leaves is also macro photography, so the settings are the same as for insects. Up to now, I never thought of shooting in any direction other than directly from above to capture a fully focused shot of leaves with dewdrops that stretch into the background. Because you can also shoot from an angle when using Focus Stacking Mode or Focus Bracketing Mode, you can capture the background reflected in the water droplets.
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Standard Settings
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
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Focus Bracketing
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6, Focus step 6, 7 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6, Focus step 6, 7 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
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Focal length: 120mm (35mm equivalent), f/5.6, Focus step 4, 20 shots
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro)
Macro shooting is where Focus Stacking Mode and Focus Bracketing Mode really shine. However, I also discovered that these features can be used to capture images keeping both background and foreground in focus. Use OM-D E-M1 Ver. 4.0 with Focus Stacking Mode and Focus Bracketing Mode, choose a subject, and you may discover creative photos that you've never imagined before.
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Standard Settings
Focal length: 124mm (35mm equivalent), f/3.2
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 40-150MM F2.8 PRO)
Focal length: 124mm (35mm equivalent), f/3.2
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 40-150MM F2.8 PRO)
![Photostack Photostack](https://hupuu.com/sites/default/files/camera_desc/78893-desc-MTV-2.1mm-150-Degree-CCTV-Lens-Fish-Eye-Wide-Angle-M12-LENS-For-CCTV-Camera-1.jpg)
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Focus Stacking
Focal length: 124mm (35mm equivalent), f/3.2, Focus step 1
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 40-150MM F2.8 PRO)
Focal length: 124mm (35mm equivalent), f/3.2, Focus step 1
(M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 40-150MM F2.8 PRO)
OLYMPUS OM-D E-M1
M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 60mm F2.8 Macro
M.ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 40-150MM F2.8 PRO
M.ZUIKO DIGITAL 1.4x Teleconverter MC-14
Note:
In Photoshop CS6, 3D functionality is part of Photoshop Extended. All features in Photoshop Extended are part of Photoshop. Photoshop does not have a separate Extended offering.
Animage stack combines a group of images with a similar frame of reference,but differences of quality or content across the set. Once combinedin a stack, you can process the multiple images to produce a compositeview that eliminates unwanted content or noise.
You can use image stacks to enhance images in number of ways:
Game 3.6
- To reduce image noise and distortion in forensic, medical,or astrophotographic images.
- To remove unwanted or accidental objects from a series ofstationary photos or a series of video frames. For example, youwant to remove a figure walking through an image, or remove a carpassing in front of the main subject matter.
Image stacks are stored as Smart Objects. The processing optionsyou can apply to the stack are called stack modes. Applying a stackmode to an image stack is a non-destructive edit. You can changestack modes to produce different effects; the original image informationin the stack remains unchanged. To preserve changes after you applythe stack mode, save the result as a new image, or rasterize theSmart Object. You can create an image stack manually or using a script.
For best results, images contained inan image stack should have the same dimensions and mostly similarcontent, such as a set of still images taken from a fixed viewpoint,or a series of frames from a stationary video camera. The content ofyour images should be similar enough to allow you to register oralign them to other images in the set.
- Combine the separate images into one multi-layeredimage. See Duplicate layers.Note:An image stack must contain at least two layers.You can also combine images using a script (File >Scripts > Load Files into Stack).
- Note:To make the Background layer selectable with theAll Layers command, you must first convert it to a regular layer.
- Choose Edit > Auto-Align Layersand select Auto as the alignment option. If Auto does not creategood registration of your layers, try the Reposition option.
- Choose Layer > Smart Objects >Convert to Smart Object.
- Choose Layer > Smart Objects >Stack Mode and select a stack mode from the submenu.
- For noise reduction, use the Mean or Medianplug‑ins.
- For removing objects from the image, use the Median plug‑in.Theoutput is a composite image the same size as the original imagestack. You may need to experiment with different plug‑ins to getthe best enhancement for a particular image.To change therendering effect, choose a different Stack Mode from the submenu.Stack rendering is not cumulative—each render effect operates on theoriginal image data in the stack and replaces previous effects.
Stackmodes operate on a per-channel basis only, and only on non-transparent pixels.For example, the Maximum mode returns the maximum red, green, and bluechannel values for a pixel cross section and merges them into one compositepixel value in the rendered image.
Photostack 3 6 3 Equals
Rendering plug-in name | Result | Comments |
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Entropy | entropy = - sum( (probability of value)* log2( probability of value) ) Probability of value = (numberof occurrences of value) / (total number of non-transparent pixels) | The binary entropy (or zero order entropy)defines a lower bound on how many bits would be necessary to losslesslyencode the information in a set. |
Kurtosis | kurtosis = ( sum( (value - mean)4 )over non-transparent pixels ) / ( ( number of non-transparent pixels- 1 ) * (standard deviation)4 ). | A measure of peakedness or flatness comparedto a normal distribution. The kurtosis for a standard normal distributionis 3.0. Kurtosis greater than 3 indicates a peaked distribution,and kurtosis less than 3 indicates a flat distribution (comparedto a normal distribution). |
Maximum | The maximum channel values for all non-transparentpixels | |
Mean | The mean channel values for all non-transparent pixels | Effective for noise reduction |
Median | The median channel values for all non-transparent pixels | Effective for noise reduction and removalof unwanted content from the image |
Minimum | The minimum channel values for all non-transparentpixels | |
Maximum minus the minimum of the non-transparentpixel values | ||
Skewness | skewness = (sum( (value - mean)3 )over non-transparent pixels ) / ( ( number of non-transparent pixels- 1 ) * (standard deviation)3 ) | Skewness is a measure of symmetry or asymmetry aroundthe statistical mean |
Standard Deviation | standard deviation = Square Root(variance) | |
Summation | The sum channel values for all non-transparent pixels | |
Variance | variance = (sum( (value-mean)2 )over non-transparent pixels ) / ( number of non-transparent pixels -1) |
- Choose Layers > Smart Objects >Stack Mode > None to remove any rendering from an imagestack and convert it back to a regular Smart Object.
Because an image stack is a Smart Object,you can edit the original images that make up the stack layers atany time.
- Choose Layer > Smart Objects >Edit Contents, or double-click the layer thumbnail. After you savethe edited Smart Object, the stack is automatically rendered withthe last rendering option applied to the stack.
Photostack 3 6 3 Download
To preserve rendering effects on an imagestack, convert the Smart Object to a regular layer. (You can copythe Smart Object before converting, in case you want to later re‑renderthe image stack.)
Youcan use the Statistics script to automate creating and renderingan image stack.
Photostack 3 6 3 8
- Choose a stack mode from the Choose Stack Mode menu.
- Apply the stack mode to currently open files, or browseto select a folder or individual files.
- If desired, select Attempt To Automatically Align SourceImages (equivalent to choosing Edit > Auto-Align Layers).Then click OK.Photoshop combines the multiple images into a singlemultilayered image, converts the layers into a Smart Object, andapplies the selected stack mode.